Inca Majesty and Andean Heights: A Journey Through Cusco's Rich Tapestry

In the pre-Spanish conquest era, Cusco, or Cuzco, served as the epicenter of the Inca empire, holding paramount significance until the 16th century when Lima assumed the role of Peru's capital. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Cusco, nestled in Southeastern Peru, seamlessly blends Inca and Spanish influences, evident in its well-preserved architecture and charming cobblestone streets. The city's enchantment is further enriched by the warm hospitality of its inhabitants, making Cusco an unparalleled destination for avid travelers, myself included.

Travel Tidbits

• Meaning of “Cusco”: Derived from the Quechuan word "Qosqo," meaning "navel" or "center." The Incas aptly termed Cusco as the "navel of the earth," symbolizing its dual role as the seat of power in their civilization and its strategic geographical importance. This nomenclature mirrors the central and pivotal role that Cusco played in the Inca Empire.

• Elevation Range: 11,152 - 17,060 ft. above sea level

• Our Stops: Centro Historico de Cusco, Ausangate National Park, Rainbow Mountain, Red Valley

• Our Hotel: Antigua Casona San Blas

• Our Mode of Local Travel: Except for exploring Cusco’s Historic Center on foot, our adventures involved private guided tours by Diomedes, aka Coco, arranged through Airbnb Experiences

• Important Travel Tips: Given the elevated terrain, thin air is a factor. Expect steep inclines and lower temperatures, especially after sunset. For excursions to Ausangate, Rainbow Mountain, and Red Valley, consider the following essentials:

  • Appropriate hiking attire - a light puffer jacket, raincoat, and moisture-wicking top), Lightweight hiking shoes, Sweat-wicking socks, Small backpack

  • Sun protection - Sun hat or cap, Sunglasses, Sunscreen for the face and body

  • Ample water, Light snacks

  • Other necessities - Toilet paper, Antibacterial spray/wipes, Change (coins) for entry/use fees at facilities.

A comprehensive list is essential, especially as private tours, unlike group excursions such as the one we had in Machu Picchu, may not provide the same level of amenities.

The Highs

Horseback riding in Ausangate: Ausangate, one of Quechua’s sacred apus or mountain deities, stands as the fourth-highest peak in Peru. Our trek unfolded in four main segments. Beginning with a visit to a local Quechuan guide’s home for coffee and biscuits, we then embarked on a 1.5 to two-hour horseback ride to an alpaca farm. Welcomed by a delightful local couple, we enjoyed a scenic breakfast with a view of the snow-capped Andes mountains. Interacting with alpacas and llamas, a dream come true, was a highlight. The journey continued to a lagoon at the base of Ausangate, an indescribably beautiful sight. The day concluded with lunch at the first family’s home before returning to Cusco.

The experience in Ausangate truly renews the spirit. The stillness of the landscape, crisp air, and the changing rugged terrain against pristine white snowy mountains create a profound connection. The reverence the Incas and the Quechuas hold for Apu Ausangate becomes tangible.

Rainbow Mountain and Red Valley: These high-altitude destinations, standing at 17,060 ft. above sea level, offered a challenging yet rewarding trek. Rainbow Mountain, or Vinicunca, boasts vivid stripes of yellow, green, purple, and red resulting from environmental changes in mineral sediments. The popular tourist spot reveals its colors post-climate change-induced ice melt.

While Rainbow Mountain draws more visitors, the adjacent Red Valley is a hidden gem. After conquering Rainbow Mountain, the trail to the Red Valley feels less demanding. The valley, adorned in rich red and terracotta-colored earth, presents a surreal panorama. The interplay of light and shadow adds to the stunning landscape. Despite being less frequented, Red Valley, in my opinion, surpasses its popular neighbor.

Centro Historico de Cusco: Taking a break from strenuous hikes, I opted to explore Cusco’s historic center instead of joining the Humantay Lake experience. I did not regret my decision as I enjoyed walking around and discovering little shops. Plaza de Armas served as my base for self-guided exploration. The square, reflecting Spanish colonial influence, was once Huacaypata during pre-Hispanic times, housing palaces and religious temples of Inca emperors.

At the Cathedral of the Lady of Asuncion of Cusco, you can visit Marco Zapata’s unique portrayal of "The Last Supper of Jesus," featuring a guinea pig at the center and Judas depicted with dark skin. This was a depiction of the Spaniards' mission to convert the native Incas to Catholicism.

The shopping experience in Centro Historico was gratifying with plenty of diverse choices in locally made souvenirs. Insight from local weavers emphasized the importance of discerning quality and ensuring authenticity, particularly with alpaca wool items.

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The Scarlett List Verdict: ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

Of my entire Peru trip, the three days spent in Cusco were the most fulfilling and enjoyable. From hiking in the magnificent Andean mountains to immersing in Quechuan culture, meeting its people, and witnessing their exquisite weaving artistry, Cusco provided a perfect blend of experiences. The enchanting contrast between Peru’s natural wonders, epitomized by the snow-covered peaks of Ausangate mountain and the breathtaking landscape of Red Valley, with the colonial Spanish structures in Centro Historico, makes this stop genuinely unforgettable.

Check out my next blog as travel to our last stop, Lima!